1/11/2024 0 Comments Anthrax by animal hides![]() The organism can also enter the brain and cause meningitis which is universally fatal. Once inside the circulation, the organism spreads rapidly and affects the lungs, kidney, and spleen. ![]() Humans are relatively resistant to cutaneous anthrax but any break in the skin can allow the organism to enter the skin. The damage to tissues is caused by the anthrax toxins, of which the edema toxin is most lethal. ![]() Recently, injection anthrax has been described in northern European injection drug users, resulting in symptoms similar to cutaneous anthrax but with a deeper infection which may include myositis. GI anthrax occurs due to ingestion of contaminated meat, with spores introduced into the gastrointestinal tract, causing bacterial replication, mucosal ulcerations, and bleeding. This leads to the characteristic edema and cutaneous ulceration. The bacteria subsequently germinate and multiply locally and begin toxin production. anthracis spores through the abraded skin into subcutaneous tissues. Patients can present suddenly and may deteriorate rapidly.Ĭutaneous anthrax results from inoculation of B. As the disease progresses, bloodstream infection occurs leading to septic shock. This results in systemic clinical illness, and pathologically to toxin-induced cell damage and cell death. The spores are engulfed by immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, dendritic cells) and transported to regional lymph nodes where the bacteria germinate, multiply, and begin toxin production. anthracis spores within the lung alveoli. Inhalational anthrax leads to accumulation of B. The pathogenesis of anthrax follows the route of infection with three primary forms in humans: cutaneous, GI, and inhalational.
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